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How to Write a Grant LOI: A Step-by-Step Process From Research to Submission

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TLDR

The LOI writing process should take 4–6 hours, not 40 — the work that takes the most time is the research phase that confirms the funder's current priorities, because an LOI that responds to the RFP from two years ago is declined before it's read. Research first, write second, and every paragraph must connect to something the funder said they care about.

Foundation program officers read dozens of LOIs each week. The ones that advance share two characteristics: they demonstrate genuine familiarity with the funder’s current priorities, not the priorities listed on a website that hasn’t been updated since 2023, and they describe a program clearly enough that the program officer can summarize it in two sentences to a colleague. Neither characteristic requires writing talent; both require preparation.

When to run this workflow

Run this workflow each time you prepare a new letter of inquiry. Do not adapt an LOI written for a previous funder without completing Step 1 from scratch — funder priorities change, and an LOI written for last year’s priority language is often declined before the program description is read.

Common pitfalls

Starting with the draft instead of the research. Writers who open a document before completing funder research spend the most time on the LOI and produce the least aligned result. The 90-minute research phase in Step 1 makes every subsequent step faster and more specific.

Using the same opening paragraph for all funders. The opening paragraph is the most important and the most often recycled. A program officer who sees an opening paragraph that could have been written for any funder in the field knows immediately that the organization did not do its homework. The opening must contain language that only makes sense for this specific funder.

Inflating the problem with national statistics. A program serving clients in Tarrant County, Texas should use Tarrant County data, not national statistics. National data is available and easy to cite; local data requires more effort to find and demonstrates more credibility.

Submitting without internal review. The alignment check in Step 9 catches the most common rejection reason before submission. It takes 20 minutes. Organizations that skip it submit LOIs that read as technically competent but strategically misaligned.

How GrantPipe supports the grant development pipeline

GrantPipe tracks LOIs, full proposals, and awards in a single pipeline view — so the grants manager and Executive Director can see the full development calendar, not just active awards. Start a trial.

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Frequently asked

Frequently Asked Questions

How long should an LOI be?
Follow the funder's guidelines exactly. If they specify two pages, write two pages — not 1.8 and not 2.1. If guidelines are silent, one to two single-spaced pages in 11- or 12-point type is the default. Shorter is usually better: a tightly written one-page LOI that answers the funder's questions is more likely to advance than a sprawling two-page LOI that answers questions the funder did not ask.
Should we call the funder before submitting an LOI?
If the foundation has a program officer listed on its website and the guidelines do not explicitly discourage contact, a brief pre-submission call or email is appropriate. The purpose is to confirm that the proposed program fits the current funding cycle and that the ask amount is in range — not to pitch the program. Keep pre-submission contact to one touchpoint. Foundations that receive multiple calls about a single prospective LOI remember it negatively.
What if the funder has no LOI requirement and goes straight to full proposals?
Use the same research and alignment check from Steps 1 and 9, but skip the LOI format entirely. The opening paragraph, problem statement, program description, ask, and sustainability sections map directly to the standard full proposal structure. The difference is length and detail, not structure.
How do we track which LOIs advance to full proposals?
Add two columns to your grants register: LOI submitted date and LOI outcome (invited to full proposal, declined, pending, no response). Track conversion rate annually — the percentage of LOIs that advance to full proposals. A conversion rate below 30% usually signals a funder research problem, not a writing problem: you are submitting to mismatched funders.
Can we reuse LOI text across multiple funders?
The problem statement, program description, and budget context can be adapted for multiple LOIs. The opening paragraph (funder alignment) and the sustainability paragraph (context-specific) must be written fresh for each funder. An LOI that opens with the wrong funder's priority language because someone forgot to update it is an immediate decline. Build a master program description document and adapt from it, rather than copying from a previous LOI.